Advances in Cosmic Ray Muon Computed Tomography and Fieldable Spectroscopy

Cosmic Ray Muon Physics

We present a review of atmospheric and underground muon flux measurements. The relevance of these data for the atmospheric neutrino flux computation is emphasized. Possible sources of systematic errors in the measurements are discussed, focusing on the sea level muon data. Underground muon data are also reported.

Cosmic Ray Muon Detection

Analytic Forms of Cosmic Ray Spectra Suitable for Muon Tomography

Performance characteristics of different approaches to muon tomography depend critically on the nature of the targets to be imaged and the flux of cosmic ray muons available at the site to be studied. To a reasonable approximation, the zenith angle θ and muon energy or momentum pμ dependences of the flux are similar at all potential tomography sites but the total muon flux does depend on site e...

Cosmic Ray Muons and the Muon Lifetime

Four scintillation paddles and coincidence techniques are used to determine the overall flux and angular distribution of cosmic ray muons. The muon lifetime is measured using rare events where, after passage of a muon into a scintillator is detected, its decay is also detected a short time later. The distribution of the decay times provides information about the average muon lifetime. Statistic...

Muon Production in Relativistic Cosmic-Ray Interactions

Cosmic-rays with energies up to 3×1020 eV have been observed. The nuclear composition of these cosmic rays is unknown but if the incident nuclei are protons then the corresponding center of mass energy is √ snn = 700 TeV. High energy muons can be used to probe the composition of these incident nuclei. The energy spectra of high-energy (> 1 TeV) cosmic ray induced muons have been measured with d...